s ‘Patriarchy’ a useful concept anymore Free Essays

My personal way of defining patriarchy is a society typically dominated and control by men. Patriarchy shows us how our society functions and how it controls women, including all systems, like work place, home, religion etc, where women are formed and developed to the way men want them to be. It is the opposite of matriarchy, meaning women are the head and in control of families. We will write a custom essay sample on s ‘Patriarchy’ a useful concept anymore? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This quote given by H, Hartman signifies social patriarchy, so it is not naturally suggested but socially. ‘I define patriarchy as a set of social relations which has a material base and in which there are hierarchical relations between men, and solidarity among them, which enables them to control women. [p3, H Hartman: (1982), ‘What about women? ‘; ‘Gender Inequality in Employment’, 551. 04 leatures 11 and 12. ] The way in which society used to be, was that once the content of ‘patriarchy’ had been established, it was used strongly in every society and in many different ways, creating sexual politics, where men were seen as the dominant sex class and the treatment of women, through this patriarchy system determined their future and success in life. The possibilities for women making choices in every aspect of their own personal life were taken away from them or where very limited because of this patriarchal control that was upon them. In the past the husband was clearly the principal negotiator, with the marriage license being the only exception, where the women would really be going into a life long commitment of serving her husband as a slave. The females main source of learning were things such as learning to spin, sew and weave, and maybe a little reading and writing. The main company that was given to them, were other females, and they lived more or less behind closed doors. The women had a separate section in the house that was located away from the other sections so that communications with males or strangers were barred. While the men when out to work, the women’s role was just seen as to be looking after the house and children, and listen to their husbands. ‘The separation of home from work led to a sharper separation of male and female spheres. The world of business outside the home became a male sphere and the world of home and children became a women’s one. ‘ [p366, Fulcher Scott. (1999) Sociology] The husband’s leisure and business time were of no business to the wife, domesticity cut women off from business life and public activities in general. In some society’s women were degraded, they were seen as objects used for male needs and a simple tool of breeding children. ‘A woman of a particular community, caste or social-economic stratum is raped to ‘teach’ that section of the society, in other words, to reproduce the hierarchical structure. ‘[http:marxists. org/archive/marx/work/1884/orgin-family/ch02d. htm]. It was in the mid-1800 when the first signs of the feminist movement came about. In 1961 it was discussed by a man named John Stuart, that the role of women is society during that time, pointing out how the patriarchy placed such an intense limit on what women could do. A time came out when evidence should the existence of a pre-industrial division of labour between men and women. However this existence contained occupational segregation, where the females worked only in female jobs and males concentrated in male jobs. ‘Middleton (1979) argued that women did carry many different agricultural tasks, but it was the men who did the high status work of plouging. ‘ [p367 Fulcher Scott. (1999) Sociology Family and Household] Job segregation enabled males still to maintain superiority over women, because of the patriarchal relationships in paid work. The labour market urged lower wages for women, so that it would encourage them to marry and stay financial dependant on their husbands. Women were excluded from better jobs than men, to keep their primary responsibilities as the main caregiver for children and family. However in some areas of the pre-industrial society capable women who entered the labour market were forced into part-time and insecure employments, where they would be excluded from promotion. Once they married they had to leave their job, so their personal status would drop back down into the status level as they were when they started off. Also the employment of women alarmed men highly as their position of the male role of head of the household became seen as threatened, especially in the twenty century then demands for labour by women became stronger, and women would no longer be ignored. This was when the ‘family wage’ became known, when the male breadwinner would support his family with his earnings, whilst the women’s earning were treated as a additional source of income so that their unpaid domestic work would not be interfered with their paid work. It was not until the 1980s that these requirements changed, when recruitment practices of certain companies had referred to the Equals Opportunities Commission. The position of men was altered and the women’s position underwent significant changes. More women moved into the labour market and were used less in the homes. With the changing of attitudes towards means of the production, families began to drop away from the ways and ideas of ‘male ownership’ with society and the changing attitudes of women’s role became stronger. Society needed women to work as men could not fill all the vacancies and they needed women to do the jobs that men would not. More opportunities for young children to go to school were given. ‘Private housekeeping is transformed into a social industry. The care and education of the children became a public affair; society looks after all children alike, whether they are legitimate or not’. [p170, Jodi Dean. (1997) Feminism and the New Democracy] Changes in women’s employment have had consequences that we still do not know what will happen in a situation involving children, marriages and other important factors in ones individual life. Countries that have high birth rates now have low birth rates, due to women working. Dramatic changes have also taken place, such as divorce rates rising and single mothers increasing. Organizations themselves are re-thinking employing different work time and working practice; because number of paid work and taking care of unpaid domestic and family work has increased as men have to also help now. Females that were before at home looking after husband’s mother refuse to do this now. The late twenty century patterns was going to work, leaving work on the first child, then gradually coming back to work. These females were married, where as mentioned before that in the early days, that if women worked, they had to leave the employment completely when they got married. Now there are more women in the labour force than men. Women’s economic behaviour is the same as men, but still do different jobs on a lower level. Patriarchy was also found in adopting the name of their husbands after marriage, but more women are choosing to keep their maiden and have a choice of titles e. g. Ms, Miss and Mrs, so that they can retain their own identity. Also another element that changed in society which is widely appreciated now is the fact that women were able to vote which began after the First World War, which was still based on age. However the question still remains that is patriarchy still useful? I would personally argue that yes it is. One has to understand it with other concepts, with the way of how the concept of patriarchy is used. I would personally argue that some concepts of patriarchy has fad away from today society’s, but overall it has not lessened, but is now being used under different forms. One form of patriarchy that can be seen as a useful concept, is entertainment given by women. Women are appreciated on their glamour. In the media women such as the ‘Spice Girls’ are a role model in society because of glamour. Naked women are commonly shown e. g. in the Sun Newspaper, on page three, where as men nudity is more under the covers. This is seen as useful, as it can be forfilling entertainment for men, and women’ role models are being used to put across message, such as Spice Girls putting forward the message of ‘girl power’. It can also still be useful in a relationship as men still oppress women, maybe it is something that males inherent, that men can use to impress women, such as paying when going out, walking the lady home etc. I would say it’s main usefulness still lies within the family, as the family and religion are the source of many of our beliefs. Families and religion can be the most powerful sets of shaping one’s personality and future. This is important as it is given to us from our primary experiences of family life. It is believed that for a family to work it needs to be organized within a set of rules and belief’s. These still mainly come from the main positional power, which is mainly the role of the father. The rules and beliefs are expected to be practiced in order to keep a family together. ‘The key to survival and success for the children in the family system, or the underlying incentives and rewards, is to please the father or, in it’s modern form, please the parents, and obtaining their attention and/or approval. [http://www. 2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/siology/researh. htm] In some religions and cultures it is seen as a useful concept, for example Islam, because some elements are practice to protects women and their dignity. Their rules come from the Holy Qur’an, which Muslims obey by not only because they have to, but also because they believe it has been given to them to help guide them and protect them from the dangers of life, one example, adultery. However some may not see it as useful, as facts have shown that the top politicians and scientists are men. Work hours still have had seen to be problems for women. In Britain inequality is illegal but still is happening in other parts of the country, and men still oppress women. Sometimes society promotes sex- stereotyped roles themselves when it is unnecessary, for example in some cultures there is more of a celebration when a baby boy is born, or when children are a bit older society places them into their sex roles, e. . to praise them we say things like â€Å"that’s pretty for a good girl† or to a boy it is said † you do that like a girl†, or â€Å"boys don’t cry†. We are teaching girls to be feminine, and boys are taught to be masculine, by being tough and insensitive. My conclusion to this essay from reviewing the facts I have gained, is that patriarchy is seen more as useful concept in society today despite the negative elements. I would personally say that women today still depend on certain patriarchal concepts to enable them to gain security within their lives, however this is not true for everyone. During this essay I have covered a range of topics to with patriarchy. In my essay I have concentrated on four aspects, I have defined the term ‘patriarchy’; I have talked about how society was how society has changed, and discussed if patriarchy still is a useful concept. I have produced this with relevant evidence in a form of quotes. How to cite s ‘Patriarchy’ a useful concept anymore?, Papers

Marketing of Nonprofit Organizations †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing of Nonprofit Organisations Management. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the assignment is to study the marketing of organisational groups of various types like non profit making organisation, FMCG companies and baby boomers. The first section delves into a non profit organisation and its marketing activities. The paper takes the WWF as an example to study the marketing of non profit organisation. This is followed by a study of relationship creating by Billabong. The second section delves into new product launches by Nestle and their success factors. The successive section studies and compares three FMCG companies namely PG, Unilever and Nestle. The final section studies the opportunities of international marketing and the professions suiting baby boomers of North America. The Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) headquartered in Switzerland is a non-profit making organisation that implements marketing management concepts. The WWF partners with several international corporate organisations as well as individuals all over the world. The WWF exchanges gifts and several other benefits with the business organisations and the individuals. The business organisations give donations to the Worldwide Fund for Nature and obtain benefits like corporate social responsibility (CSR) enhancement in exchange. Corporate social responsibilities ensure that the companies conduct business in more sustainable ways and minimise the waste disposal and fuel consumption. This leads to conservation of natural resources and reduction of pollution which encourages social wellbeing. The WWF provides the corporate organisations in return with technical support to source raw materials like paper from sustainable sources. Thus the organisations can attend sustainability which boosts their corporate image. The individuals provide the WWF with donations and get items like recyclable bags and bottles in exchange(www.worldwildlife.org, 2017). The WWF applies marketing concept and collaborate with both the body corporate and individuals. This can be told from the fact that the WWF engages with corporate organisations to license its logos, promote the causes, gain sponsorships and gifts for their employees(Van Wijk et al, 2015). Billabong is an Australian adventure sports accessories making company offering the consumers information on skating industries. It is an Australian company making skateboards, skating costumes and other adventure sports accessories for men and women. The company provides very little information about its products on its official website. It does not help Billabong to build relationships with the target customers. This is because lack of information about the products inhibits the customers from having complete perception about their products which prevents them from making purchase decisions to buy Billabong products(eu.billabong.com, 2017). The latest news of Nestle as on August 19, 2017 contains information about Karen Hasan winning the Nestle and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award. The award is a part of Nestls social initiative to promote culture which is a part of its corporate social responsibilities. A review of the article shows that the multinational food manufacturer and marketer is concerned about promoting social welfare and encourages cultural development among its consumer groups(nestle.com.au, 2017). The new product launch by Nestle consists of KitKat bar of chocolate in a new packaging which has a fresh look. The product is available in two new variants, Kit Kat Travel Break Sharing pack and KitKat mini chunky snacking bag. The company has also released Nestle Swiss, which is a chocolate dessert made with dark chocolate. The product is available in variants like chocolate hazelnuts available in 300 gram packs. The other two available variants are almond and honey as well as almond and nougatine(Zhao, Cavusgil Cavusgil, 2014). The target segment customers aimed by KitKat products would be people who love chocolate items. The Swiss dark chocolate is a premium product and would costly. The target market for Swiss would be the rich upper class people who enjoy premium bars of chocolate from multinational diary companies. The KitKat travel bags are lifestyle products target the people to travel to places. Similarly, the KitKat snacking packs target customers who enjoy having chocolate for snacks(Kitkat., 2017). The new product launches by Nestle would be successful in all its major markets around the world and would contribute to deeper market competitiveness. Nestle would be successful in gaining higher position in the market because the accurate positioning of its products in the market and appropriate segmentation. Nestle products aim the consumer segments who prefer using superior dairy products and can afford to buy them. The customer segments Nestle targets are health conscious and are ready to spend on high quality food items(Kotabe Kothari, 2016). Nestle positions itself as the worlds largest manufacturer and marketer of high quality food products which are consumed by people all over the world. Thus the appropriate segmentation, positioning and targeting of the middle and upper class society would lead to the success of the new products by Nestle in the market(Liu et al., 2014). A company interested in estimating income distribution in the Northern Territory of Australia can proceed in two ways, the qualitative and quantitative way. It can conduct interview of a large number of people and then analyse the responses gained statistically. This would help him to gain quantitative information about the income of the people in Northern Territory in Australia. The person can consult the official website of the Statistical Bureau of Australia to gain information on income of the people which would provide him with qualitative data(Abs.gov.au., 2017). Unilever, Procter Gamble and Nestle are among the top FMCG companies in the world whose official websites give detailed information about their products. There are evidences in their websites that these companies segment their markets according to the products they offer and the product prices. For example, Lux soap manufactured by Unilever targets the middle and the lower income segment of the society and is low priced. Dove and Lux International are costlier than Lux and target the middle and the upper middle income group(Darmani et al, 2016). The products of Nestle are high priced which indicate their high quality. The target customer segment of Nestle products are middle and upper class income people. It is evident that the multinational FMCG giants like Nestle, PG and Unilever segment their markets on the basis of various factors like customer income, lifestyle, agewise and so on(Santos, Pache Birkholz, 2015). The three multinational giants Unilever, Procter Gamble(PG) and Nestle can be arranged in the order with Unilever on the top followed by Nestle and Procter Gamble. Unilever manufactures both food and non food products unlike PG and Nestle. The company manufactures products which can meet the requirements of more number of customers compared to the other two multinational companies. For example, Axe is the mens grooming product owned b y Unilever(Kothari, Kotabe Murphy, 2013). It is available in form of shampoos, soaps, shower gels, hair creams and shaving creams. The shaving cream is low priced and targeted towards especially young customers from lower and middle class. The shower gels and the shampoos are premium products which are targeted at the upper class market segment. Unilever owns two the frozen dessert brand Kwality and Magnum. While Kwality has ice creams of both high and low price ranges, Magnum is the premium ice cream brand owned by Unilever. Kwality has targets both the low and the high income customer segment using prices as a differentiation factor. Magnum unlike Kwality, is the premium brand of ice cream which is targets the rich customer segments(unilever.com, 2017). The toughest competitor of Magnam is Connoisseur by Nestle while PG has no answer to it. Again the company makes Clear shampoo whose toughest competitor is Head Shoulders by PG while Nestle has no answer to it(us.pg.com, 2017). Unilever has products which are not marketed by any of the two competing companies, PG and Nestle. For example, the FMCG company owns the water purifier range under the name Pureit while the other companies do not manufacture any such product. This vast product line consisting of both food and non food consumer products have allowed Unilever segment its market most widely which gives it the top position. Procter Gamble, the largest FMCG company in the world has a product line smaller than Unilever hence loses it to the latter because it cannot segment the market as variedly as Unilever. The company owns the antidandruff brand HS which has both low and high priced variants. However an analysis of the segmentation of the customer base of the company shows that it has succeeded in segmenting its base owing to its product line(Gupta Pirsch, 2014). Nestle has restricted its product line to food products and only most of its products are high priced. The company owns brands like Maggi which is the instant noodles product owned by the company. The company segments its customer base into adults, women and babies. The company manufactures and markets beverage products like Nescafe and Nestea. It is evident from this the company segments its market based on lifestyle , for example, Nescafe is meant for the customer segment who consume coffee or tea as a part of every diet. Its milk products are among the sought after milk products in the market and are extremely high priced. Here the target customer segment is the upper and the middle class who consume high quality milk products and are ready to spend to buy such products(Kardes, 2016). A comparison between the three companies Unilever, PG and Nestle shows that Unilever is present in both food segments like Nestle and non food segments like PG. It is evident that Unilever gives both the companies tough competition owing to its strong product line. It serves maximum number of customer segments which places it on the top as far as segmentation is concerned. The American multinational FMCG company is able to segment its market into several types by offering a variety of products serving diverse needs like HS anti dandruff shampoo, Old Spice shaving accessories and Febreze range of freshners. Thus it has earned the second position after Unilever. Nestle occupies the third position because its product line restricted to food products and its market segment is mostly restricted to upper class consumers. The following recommendations can be made to the three FMCG giants based on the above discussions: It can be recommended that Unilever should increase its dairy products which will allow it to serve to new customer segments who consume dairy products. This extension of product line will allow Unilever to compete with Nestle in the dairy market segment as well. It can be recommended that Procter Gamble should market food products like dark chocolate bars. This will allow it to cater to new consumer segments who prefer high quality dairy products. It can be recommended that Nestle should venture into manufacturing and marketing consumer products like household items and body care products like soaps to serve new consumer bases in the market. Nestle should lower the prices of its dairy products which will allow it to cater to the lower class consumer segments. Worldwide demographic trends are affecting opportunities for international marketing in a large way. This is because demographic trends like increase in income of the people in the emerging markets and globalisation have led to expansion of international market into the emerging markets. This has the following impacts: The multinational companies have expanded into the emerging markets like Asia and South America which has led to the new marketing opportunities to sell products to the customers in these markets(Auerbach, Buerhaus Staiger, 2014). This marketing of products in the new markets have helped the FMCG companies to earn huge profits which enabled them to strengthen their marketing activities to gain deeper market penetration. The industries which are benefit baby boomers are service industries like tax planners, property developers, healthcare, travel agents and aged care facilities. Conclusion: It can be summarised from the study that marketing is used by both profit making organisations like Unilever and non profit making organisations like the WWF. The companies need to expand their product lines to cater to more diverse market segments. The emergence of new markets in the east has strengthened international marketing and helped it to expand. References: 5206.0 - Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Mar 2017. (2017). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5206.0 Auerbach, D. I., Buerhaus, P. I., Staiger, D. O. (2014). Registered nurses are delaying retirement, a shift that has contributed to recent growth in the nurse workforce.Health Affairs,33(8), 1474-1480. Brands. (2017). Unilever global company website. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.unilever.com/brands/ Darmani, A., Arvidsson, N., Hidalgo, A. (2016). Do the strategic decisions of multinational energy companies differ in divergent market contexts? An exploratory study.Energy Research Social Science,11, 9-18. Gupta, S., Pirsch, J. (2014). Consumer evaluation of target marketing to the bottom of the pyramid.Journal of International Consumer Marketing,26(1), 58-74. Kardes, I. (2016). Reaching middle class consumers in emerging markets: Unlocking market potential through urban-based analysis.International Business Review,25(3), 703-710. Kitkat. (2017). https://www.nestle.com.au. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.nestle.com.au/kitkat/products Kotabe, M., Kothari, T. (2016). Emerging market multinational companies evolutionary paths to building a competitive advantage from emerging markets to developed countries.Journal of World Business,51(5), 729-743. Kothari, T., Kotabe, M., Murphy, P. (2013). Rules of the game for emerging market multinational companies from China and India.Journal of International Management,19(3), 276-299. Liu, W., Guillet, B. D., Xiao, Q., Law, R. (2014). Globalization or localization of consumer preferences: The case of hotel room booking. Tourism Management,41, 148-157. Marketing Partnerships | Partnership Categories | WWF. (2017). World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.worldwildlife.org/partnership-categories/marketing-partnerships Mens Home | Billabong. 2017. Billabong. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://eu.billabong.com/mens Our Brands | PG. (2017). Us.pg.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://us.pg.com/our-brands Santos, F., Pache, A. C., Birkholz, C. (2015). Making hybrids work: Aligning business models and organizational design for social enterprises (Paper IV).Christoph Birkholz,153. Van Wijk, J., Van der Duim, R., Lamers, M., Sumba, D. (2015). The emergence of institutional innovations in tourism: the evolution of the African Wildlife Foundation's tourism conservation enterprises.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(1), 104-125. WWF - Endangered Species Conservation | World Wildlife Fund. (2017). World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 19 August 2017, from https://www.worldwildlife.org Zhao, Y., Cavusgil, E., Cavusgil, S. T. (2014). An investigation of the black-box supplier integration in new product development.Journal of Business Research,67(6), 1058-1064.

Finances and Accounting

Dr. Megele essays

Dr. Megele essays The doctor that everyone would hate to have as their family doctor! This doctor was Dr. Josef Mengele, also know to many as the Angel of Death. Dr. Josef Mengele was born on March 16, 1911 in Gunzberg, Germany to Karl and Walburga Mengele. Josef also had two younger brothers named Karl and Alois. While Josef was younger, he was very intelligent and popular in his town (Lifton). While Josef was in school he studied many different topics, such as: philosophy, medicine, gymnasium, biology and many more. Josef joined the SA in 1923 and he applied and was accepted to the Nazis in 1937, and joined with the SS in 1938 (Candles). Josef Mengele first started out as a soldier for the Nazis. He was wounded in battle on the Russian front and was pronounced unfit for battle. Josef was afraid of getting kicked out of the Nazi party and killed, so he asked to volunteer at a concentration camp in Auschwitz. He was sent to Auschwitz to be a guard in 1939 (Candles). In Auschwitz is where Mengele was nicknamed Angel of Death and was the main symbol for Adolf Hitlers Final Solution (Best). Mengele was happy to go to Auschwitz because there he the chance to finish conducting his experiments for the Final Solution and get rid of all the people who were not blonde haired and blue eyed (Lifton). While Josef Mengele attended college, he learned much about the human body and how it works. Mengele tried to use his knowledge of the body and put it in his experiment to produce only his kind of people (Lifton). Josef Mengele at age 32 had all the power to the prisoners lives. He could decide who he wanted to live, and who he would kill. A survivor once said, He had the look that said I have all power (Nyiszi). Once there was a block that was found with lice, Mengele quickly solved his problem by gassing all 750 women that were assigned to it. He was the most wel...

Exam paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exam paper - Essay Example The university also encourages for there to be effective communication with the community around to make sure that the policy goals are implemented. It is also very clear that the university is set to achieve the ISO14001 accreditation. The university plans to get to achieve this by working on its environmental management systems, which includes the Carbon Management Programme. To achieve this, the university is determined to work on its environmental performance. Biodiversity - The University plans to protect and enhance the biological and environmental quality of all campuses as well as pursue the Easter Craiglockhart Hill Local Nature Reserve Management Plan as a land manager. Energy – The University plans to develop and operate responsible energy management practices through the reduction of the consumption of fossil fuels whilst making use of renewable fuel technologies. Procurement – The University plans to maintain, operate and develop the entire University estate in a sustainable manner. It will also advocate for the purchase of ethical and environmentally-considerate products and services which will help minimize the use of damaging substances and processes. Transport – In transport, the University’s policy states that it plans to promote alternatives to single car occupancy and unnecessary domestic and international air travel. This will be achieved by the implementation of an environmentally-considerate Travel Plan covering all staff, students and visitors to the University. Wastes and emissions – The University policy states that it will ensure that there are sufficient facilities to allow students, staff and visitors to reduce, reuse and recycle waste with the aim of minimizing the amount of waste ultimately sent to landfill. On water - With the plan to maintain the water conservation programme the university will achieve reduction in water wastage. According to the policy statement, the University plans to

Case Study - Evaluating the Purchase of an Asset with Various Capital

- Evaluating the Purchase of an Asset with Various Capital Budgeting Methods - Case Study Example nd 50 miles per gallon respectively, whereas, the cost and miles per gallon of non-hybrid Toyota Yaris 5-Door LE 2014 is $ 17,644 and 32 respectively (U.S. Department of Energy). The total cost of driving the hybrid model for one year = annual gallons of fuel*cost per gallon. Gallons used per year = (12,000/50) = 240 gallons. Therefore, total cost = (240*2.071) = $ 497.04 per year. On the other hand, the total cost of driving the non-hybrid model for one year = annual gallons used*cost per gallon. Gallons used per year = (12,000/32) = 375 gallons. Therefore, the total cost = (375*2.071) = $ 776.625 per year. Consequently, the savings offered by the hybrid model over the non-hybrid model = (776.625 – 497.04) = $ 279.585 per year (Fuel cost calculator). The NPV of the hybrid model. The annual cash inflow = $ 279.585. The rate of return = 10%. The initial investment = $ 19,905. The NPV = $ -18,187. See appendix 1 (Götze, Northcott, and Schuster 68-76). Comparatively, the NPV of the hybrid model (-18,187) is lower than the cost of the gasoline engine model (17,644). However, from a pure financial standpoint, the hybrid model makes sense since it saves up to $ 279.585 on fuel consumption as compared to non-hybrid model (Götze, Northcott, and Schuster 68-76). The payback period is the time taken to recover the amount invested in a project. Based on this case study, the initial investment = cost of a hybrid model – cost of the gasoline engine model) = (19,905 - 17,644) = $ 2,261. The expected annual net cash flow = $ 279.585. Therefore, the payback period = (2,261/279.585) = 8.087 years (Götze, Northcott, and Schuster 68-76). The following are some of the quality concerns related to the hybrid model: first, the car battery loses the charge faster during the cold season, thus increases the number of charging occasions. Second, the hybrid cars weigh less compared to gasoline engine cars. As a result, they easily get involved in accidents, especially during

Jewish children and the Holocaust Research Paper

Jewish children and the Holocaust - Research Paper Example The odds of survival for the older children were comparatively higher as they could be used in ghettos and concentration camps for forced labour. The children who faced the Holocaust can be divided into three age segments: from infants to toddlers aged 6; children between ages of 7 and 12; and teenagers from age of 13 to 18. The chances of survival and the ability of performing labour at camps varied majorly between these age segments (Rosenberg 15). The ideology and the policies of Nazis specially targeted the Jews, which then resulted in the official German policy called ‘Final Solution’. The Jews and their children faced a lot of suffering at the Nazis’ hands; as soon as the Nazis came into power in January 1933, they restricted the rights of the Jewish children (Wiesel 33). The Jewish children in Germany began enduring a progressively hostile atmosphere after 1935. They faced alienation from their close friends, even aggression at their hands, and spiteful and unfriendly attitudes. The letters to editors of Der Stà ¼rmer, a Nazi tabloid by the German children, expose a reprehensible outburst of passion and foolishness against their classmates who were Jewish. Jewish and Gypsy children faced a massive amount of humiliations in the classrooms of Germany. The Social Darwinism as well as the degrading and oppressive doctrine of what was called the racial biology had a great role in humiliating these children and establishing their race as inferior. This resulted in development of education as a form of resistance in various Jewish schools in Germany after 1933, and it provided the background and experience for the secret schools which were created later in concentration camps and ghettos. Passed on 25th of April 1933, ‘The Law against Overcrowding in German Schools and Universities’ was among the initial laws that directly affected the students that were Jewish. This tyrannical law