He Arts Of Contact Zone Essay By Pratt Example For Students

He Arts Of Contact Zone Essay By Pratt In Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt introduces a term very unfamiliar to many people. This term, autoethnography, means the way in which subordinate peoples present themselves in ways that their dominants have represented them. Therefore, autoethnography is not self-representation, but a collaboration of mixed ideas and values form both the dominant and subordinate cultures. They are meant to address the speakers own community as well as the conquerors. Pratt provides many examples of autoethnography throughout her piece, including two texts by Guaman Poma and her son, Manuel. Although very different in setting, ideas, and time periods, they accomplish the difficult goal of cross-cultural communication. Guaman Poma, an Andean who claimed noble Inca descent, wrote a twelve hundred page long letter in 1613 to King Philip III of Spain. This manuscript was particularly unique because it was written in two languages, Spanish and Quechua, the native language of the Andeans. Quechua was not thought of as a written language . . . ., nor Andean culture as a literate culture (584). This letter proved the theory wrong. Somehow, Poma interacted with the Spanish in a contact zone, which is a social space where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other (584). This communication forced him to learn the Spanish culture and use it to his advantage. With his new found knowledge, he presented to the world a piece of work that incorporated Andean customs and values with European manners and ideas, exemplifying the idea of cross-cultural communication. The only flaw in his piece was that it never reached its intended recipient and therefore, did not get recognized until it was three hundred fifty years too late. Poma combines his Andean knowledge with his Spanish knowledge. He constructs his text by appropriating and adapting pieces of the representational repertoire of the invaders (589). At one point, he makes the Spaniards seem foolish and greedy. The Spanish, . . . ., brought nothing of value to share with the Andeans, nothing but armor and guns with the lust for gold, silver, gold and silver. . . . (587). It is obvious from this quote that Poma intentionally exaggerates the Spaniards to be an avaricious people. He believes that they have brought nothing useful to the Andeans but ways of greed and a hunger for power. By writing in their own language, Poma shows his oppositional representation of the Spaniards. His transcultural character is not only seen in the written text, but also in the visual content of some four hundred pages. The drawings show the subordinate-dominant plane of the Spanish conquest. They depict the Inca way of life, as well as the greedy nature of the Spanish. The drawings themselves are European in style, but deploy specifically Andean systems of spatial symbolism that express Andean values and aspirations (589). In Andean symbolism, the height at which a person or people are drawn indicate their power and authority in society. Poma mocks the Spanish in one of his drawings by showing the Andean and the Spaniard at the same level, knowing that the Spanish believed that they were the dominant culture. His drawings, along with their own individual autoethnographic captions, help to emphasize the transcultural symbolism and nature of his manuscript. Together, they accentuate the ideas of autoethnography. Pomas letter is not Pratts only way of exhibiting an autoethnographic text. She also uses her son, Manuels, experiences in grammar school to further emphasize her point of cross-cultural communication. The teacher-pupil relationship is just one of many examples of a dominant-subordinate relationship. The teacher gives out a task and the student is expected to obey the command. In this particular situation, Manuels teacher asks them to write a paragraph using single-sentence responses to a few questions. Manuel, unwilling to be the subordinate, tries to resist the assignment in a clever way, since he is expected to identify with the interests of those in power over him-parents, teachers, doctors, public authorities (592). .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .postImageUrl , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:hover , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:visited , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:active { border:0!important; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:active , .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61 .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78278465d0835a24a4ac799f4c83fb61:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Build a Fire EssayHis mockery of the task is seen right from the title of his paragraph, A Grate Adventchin. The words of the title are not misspelled because Manuel is not a good speller, but are purposely misspelled because of his intent to defy the authority figure, his teacher. The concept of autoethnography is clearly seen in this situation. Although Manuels paragraph was a mass of misspellings, his teacher still rewarded him with the usual star for completion of the task assigned or for just obeying orders. The humor of it was not recognized. It could have been that his teacher did not truly see Manuels point or that his teacher could have totally disregarded his humor altogether. No recognition was available, however, of the humor, the attempt to be critical or contestatory, to parody the structures of authority (593). Manuels goal was not accomplished, although he did do better than Guaman Poma. His piece reached the intended recipient, but with no prevail. Both outcomes were, in essence, the same. Pratts essay, or speech, is, in itself, an example of an authoethnographic text. Although many people think that she is writing from a dominant perspective, she is actually writing from the subordinate point of view. Her intellectual use of words and ideas tend to mislead even the greatest of minds. Because of this fact, many students have a hard time interpreting the meaning and point of Pratts piece-a piece initially intended for her fellow writers and colleagues, who seem to be on the same level of thinking in the area of literature and writing as she is. In her speech, Pratt is not trying to win over an audience or sell her ideas. Rather, she is trying to explain autoethnography and how it applies to everyday life through the eyes of the minority. This is how her text becomes autoethnographic. She places herself in the eyes of the dominant. Aspiring towards better luck than Guaman Poma and her son, Pratt hopes that her audience understands autoethnography and its applications. Through the use of examples, Pratt is able to reveal the communicative arts of the contact zone, focusing especially on autoethnography. Autoethnography is how people describe themselves as others view them, and not necessarily how they view themselves. The examples Pratt mentions demonstrate issues of interaction and communication with all peoples of the world, whether past or present, near or far. Guaman Poma and Manuel, two very different people from very different time periods, will always be in connection with one another because they share being a part of the subordinate group in a dominant-subordinate relationship. Autoethnographic texts do not address and affect just one side of that relationship, but both sides. Pratt proves this idea in her piece.

Its Time to Bust These 5 Content Marketing Myths

While many companies have embraced content marketing as a key marketing strategy, a study by the Content Marketing Institute reveals that only 42% of businesses feel that theirs is effective. What’s holding so many companies back? Well there’s lots of information on content marketing online but not all of it is sound advice. It’s time to lay some of these myths to rest. Myth #1: â€Å"Social media isn’t a big priority† Many brands let their social media presence slide because they don’t think of it as a major priority. But if you want to maximize the reach of your content, you need to be promoting it on social media. Paid and organic social posts can help boost your visibility, drive traffic and increase sales. With an average of 28% of time online spent on social networks, it’s vital that your brand is engaging with customers where they actually are. Myth #2: â€Å"I need to publish as much content as possible† In the world of content marketing, quality trumps quantity. Low-value content doesn’t inspire trust in readers, which will lead to fewer shares, traffic and conversions. Even worse, Google algorithm changes increasingly tend to send weak content plummeting in search page rankings. Myth #3: â€Å"We need to talk about what we do† Many make the mistake of confusing content marketing with copywriting, especially if their background is in advertising. In fact, research shows that most consumers don’t like the amount of promotional content they’re bombarded with on social media. Instead, content marketing is about engaging with your audience and providing value to them. So, figure out what their challenges and pain points are and offer information that can help solve these problems rather than making it all about you. In other words, â€Å"be the best answer on the Internet.† Social media has revolutionized the way people communicate and interact online. However, many have gotten the idea that the growth of social networks has rendered email obsolete. But actually, the opposite is true: email continues to be one of the most powerful ways to promote your content and boost conversions. The numbers don’t lie: one study reveals that the average return for companies for each dollar invested in email marketing is $44.25! Myth #5: â€Å"Anybody can write my content† Everyone knows that quality content is essential for content marketing success, but a surprising number of companies fail to allocate the necessary resources to create effective content for their brand. When it comes to content creation, you get what you pay for. If you want content that gets results, it’s worthwhile to invest in high-quality content writers. Remember – one top-notch piece of content can be more effective than 10 low-quality pieces. Myths Busted Content marketing often involves a process of trial and error, but separating the facts from the fiction can keep you headed on the right track.

Death of a Salesman Essay Topics

Death of a Salesman Essay TopicsDeath of a Salesman Essay Topics are the key to your writing success. Your topic should define your style and help you decide on a topic and format. As you write, focus on choosing topics that do not only appeal to your reader, but appeal to your character as well.Death of a Salesman Essay Topics for sales pitches can include any topic that allows you to illustrate your ability or expertise in that topic. Since so many writers struggle with writing sales pages, many find that their problem is that they do not focus on their content. The content is simply what gets them through the long hours at the job that are required to sell a product. By focusing on writing the content, you will ensure that your audience comes to the conclusion that you are a reliable expert in the topic.When writing a sales page, it is important to focus on the content and how your readers can relate to that content. First of all, let us consider the content of a sales page. The c ontent must be important to your audience, so that they will find it interesting enough to read, and so that they will be interested in what you have to say.You can go into great detail about your sales page, however this is where writing skills must come into play. Have you considered all of the information that you want to convey? How much of it can you honestly convey and still be an interesting read? Sometimes, the best sales page content does not take too much time to research, but it can be time consuming if you fail to keep it short and to the point. Therefore, you need to keep the length short to be sure that you are able to communicate your message clearly.Death of a Salesman Essay Topics should be clear and concise. If you are unsure about your topic, talk with a friend who has experience writing sales pages to see if there is any common ground to draw from. If your friends seem to have problems with a particular topic, it is okay to ask for a new topic. When you do this, make sure that you provide the information that you know you need.Death of a Salesman Essay Topics can include anything that fits within your industry. Do not limit yourself to writing about a certain product, and do not limit yourself to writing about a certain industry. Doing so will limit your audience and restrict your style. Therefore, your audience is the most important factor when choosing your topic, so you should use the audience to your advantage.Death of a Salesman Essay Writing sales pages takes time, so you should plan ahead before you begin. If you know what questions you will be asking your audience, this will make it easier to start off on the right foot. Questions like: Who am I trying to sell to? What do they want to hear?Death of a Salesman Essay Topics can vary from one person to the next, but if you think about it, your audience may already have the answer to one of these questions. When you start out on your writing quest, go ahead and make sure that you incorp orate your audience's wants and needs into your topic.

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buy custom The Media in Schools essay Our preliminary research showed that the effectiveness of the advertisements made on television and radio depends on the tone and appearance of the presenter. In support I will only tell that through proper tonal expression the company can save up to 30% of its commercial expenses. Moreover, through proper tonal variation, it is possible to meet the market expectations in the first 2 weeks of advertising. It was proved that the fact of the audience being attracted or distracted is formed by the instant impression they develop within the first minute when a presenter appears on a stage. On the other hand, the tone the presenter uses within the first minute also affects the quality of concentration of the target group. People tend to forget most of the information they have heard, but remember how confidently the presenter looked and talked.The level of a good voice variation states the level of confidence in the presenter. As it was discovered, the presenter is expected to avoid any f orm of non verbal cues that may interrupt the perfect delivery of the news. As well, they should make the proper tonal and voice checks before any announcement with the help of the floor manager and the sound personnel. What is vital is that the media schools ought to introduce stern measures to attain the perfect results in presenting and advertising. Additionally, the presenter should not use many gestures in order to seem natural, and maintain a poise even during the stressing moments. The broadcasters are expected to be very cautious with their outward appearance. Next, the clothing should be carefully chosen as the presenter should be comfortably dressed to feel relaxed to give a positive impression on the audience watching through the camera. Other results showed, when the presenters were not comfortable with their own appearance, their confidence failed. As a result, the advertisements did not bring the desired results. Buy custom The Media in Schools essay

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

No topic - Essay Example America wants their citizens to be proud of their heritage, but not if it means not being a proud American first. The United States promotes this ideal through the census. Race and nationality are an integral part of the census. Questions like are you African American, Caucasian, Latino, or Native American make up the American census. Even though this is an effort to track races, it serves as a means to conquer and divide the diverse cultures living in the United States. The body of law is so big that even few immigration officers understand it fully, so it is almost impossible to apply without running afoul of some technicality. As a result, too many applicants have to file repeatedly, wasting everyones time and energy. Furthermore, decisions made by harried, overworked consular officers may be capricious yet are not subject to review. If simpler, more effective laws were put into place, it would not only be easier on the immigrants, but the United States as well. The current system allows terrorists, like the 9/11 ones, to not only enter the United States, but to train and carry out their missions against the United States. However, poor immigrants, which have no lawyer, are deported for not properly filling out work visas. The whole system does not need to be overhauled, but thrown out. Only then can the United States begin to get immigration right. Misconceptions about immigrants, legal and illegal, need to also be addressed. The biggest myth is immigrants take jobs from Americans. This is only one of many myths about different cultures that cause division between Americans and other cultures. The sad fact is all Americans, save for the Native Americans are or descended from immigrants. Wucker (2006, 223) explains about how the myths impact immigration: We rely on on a false mythology that makes us see new immigrants as far more different from earlier generations than they really

Global Financial Management & Summary slp Assignment

Global Financial Management & Summary slp - Assignment Example Again monetary policy of a central bank try to control the fluctuation of currency value and future prediction of central bank affects this factor. Balance of payment in this country also fluctuate the domestic currency and affects the demand and supply of foreign currencies as well as the exchange rate. Foreign investors who want to invest U.S. (which has a strong dollar market) have to pay more than their own domestic currency and hence investors are not encouraged to invest their money in US economy (Anbarasu, 2010). In United States banking activities are regulated by both the state government and the federal government. Goldman Sachs, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase these are the five major largest banks which hold 56 % position in the US economy. The banking system and economic condition in US are now in a complex situation. Fluctuation in currency is another important reason to discourage the investors for investing money in this economy. So this can be said that investing in banks of US is not a safe procedure at least in the present days. Federal government does not take any kind of responsibilities to save and protect the interests of investors and lenders at the time of financial crisis and their financial decisions also may affect the interest of related parties. US has faced financial crisis in the financial year 2007-08. It was the worst financial crisis after the great depression of 1930. The prices of stock was declined in the US stock market and US economy has faced a large amount of bad loans and lost more than $ 1 trillion toxic assets. This is observed that business owners are facing difficulties for getting loan from the financial institutions in US. A business can seek foreign investment if the interest rate and value of dollar will be higher. In such case investor can get higher amount

Legal Dispute Resolution Process and Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay

Legal Dispute Resolution Process and Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms - Essay Example ies, Microsoft was involved in numerous high-profile legal matters, including cases against United States, European Union and various competitors, like Alcatel, Apple, Burst and Eolas. In all these cases, there was a trial because of errors mostly business managers, who were unwittingly giving names of products which have something with other peoples technology or for stealing other peoples technology, naming them as their own. Business Manager is required to know how and what to do when it comes to litigation must know the basics of the legal system of each country, especially the state of its rivals. Thus, the business manager of the Microsoft case against Eolas should know that for his company that trial is not worth it, and he should prevent it. Under the laws of rival’s state, judgment was in favor of Eolas, and Microsoft has lost 521 million